MANAS WILDLIFE SANCTUARY,UNESCO RECOGNISED

 

Assam is one in all the eighth North-Eastern states of Bharat famed for wealthy life sanctuary and extensive of natural settings. There area unit 5 national parks and eighteen life Sanctuaries together with many forest reserves. These immense jungles of the state area unit abode of a number of the attractive flora and fauna. Moreover, state is home to 2 vital and world illustrious United Nations agency World Heritage Sites – Manas park and most well liked Kaziranga park. Manas park has drawn the eye of nature enthusiasts in recent years and has left its presence within the traveler map of the world with thousands of tourists visiting the park each year.

Manas park or Manas life Sanctuary situated in state could be a United Nations agency World Heritage web site, a Project Tiger Reserve, associate degree Elephant Reserve in addition as part Reserve. distinctive altogether respects, this legendry park is associate degree abode of various species of fauna like associate degree Asiatic Elephant, Tiger, Indian One bicornuate perissodactyl mammal, Leopards, Barking Deers, Hoolock Gibbons and plenty of a lot of to list.

Manas park have associate degree distinctive identity that creates it terribly totally different from the opposite life sanctuaries of the planet that it's a home to a number of extremely rare and vulnerable life species like bear cat, Pygmy Hog, Golden catarrhine, the hairy  Hare and therefore the state roofed prime Turtle. Indian tigers and Asiatic buffalo are found here.

Far, secluded within the land of North East may be a utopia wherever you may notice the foremost exotic life living harmonised. Manas parkland, province is that the solely place to be distincted as region reserve, a natural heritage web site, Project Tiger Reserve, and Project Elephant Reserve all at identical time.

Located within the foothills of the jap range of mountains, the park is flanked by the enormous Manas stream separating it from Royal Manas parkland in Bhutan.

Home to the Royal Bengal tiger and Wild Buffaloes, it offers you a myriad of activities to understand the range of the region. If you wish a wholesome and fulfilling expertise amidst nature, Manas parkland in Asian nation is that the place

LOCATION OF PARK

• Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the State of Assam in North-East India, a biodiversity hotspot.

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

• :26° 30' to 27° 00'N 
•  90° 50' to 92° 00'E.

CLIMATE OF THE PARK

The climate is heat and wet with up to seventy six ratio. It rains from time period to Oct with most rain falling throughout the monsoon months from mid-May to Gregorian calendar month, flooding the western 1/2 the Reserve. The mean annual rain is three,330mm. Gregorian calendar month to Gregorian calendar month is comparatively dry once the smaller rivers dry up and enormous rivers dwindle away (Deb Roy, 1991). The mean most summer temperature is 37°C and also the mean minimum winter temperature is 5°C (WPSI, 2002

LOCAL LANGUAGE

• Assami

NETWORK AVAILABILITY

• Bsnl
• Airtel
• Jio
• Idea
• Vodafone 
• aircel

BEST VISITING  MONTH

Although Manas National Park is open round the year but the best time to visit the park is between the months of February to October. The climate during this period is pleasant and the chance of catching the fauna in the park is highest. It is not advisable to visit the park during monsoon season due to heavy rain. Summer season is also not favorable due to unfavorable climatic condition. The winter season is beautiful and pleasant here.

PARK FAMOUS FOR
The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden Langur and Pygmy Hog. Manas is famous for its population of the Wild water buffalo

HISTORY OF PARk

• 1907: a part of the world that was antecedently preserved as royal searching grounds was classified as North Kamrup Forest Reserve; additional land was additional in 1927;
• 1928: Manas (previously North Kamrup) declared a Sanctuary for perissodactyl (36,000 ha);
• 1955: Reserve enlarged to thirty-nine,100 ha;
• 1971: the govt. came upon associate 890 HA seed farm within the Sanctuary to counter native encroachment pressures;
• 1973: Manas Reserve established because the core of the 283,712 HA Manas Tiger Reserve: Project Tiger came upon to preserve the Indian tiger population;
• 1988: The contiguous Royal Manas parkland in Asian nation established;
• 1989: Declared a core zone of the freshly shaped national Manas part Reserve (283,700 ha);
• 1990: The Sanctuary was upgraded to a parkland and enlarged to fifty two,000 HA by the inclusion of the previous Panbari, Koklabari and Kahitama Forest Reserves (Oliver, 1993);
• 1992+: Listed as vulnerable owing to surroundings destruction and significant life loss caused by Bodo insurgent teams complaintive immigration from different states and loss of their access to forest resources;
• 2001: The Park declared the core zone of the Buxa-Manas Elephant Reserve (283,700 ha);
• 2003: The Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) recognised, permitting the Bodo folks some autonomy. The Park enclosed among the Chirang Ripu Elephant Reserve;
• 2011: website far from vulnerable standing.

ABOUT PARK

• 
  Manas life Sanctuary is found within the State of province in North-East Republic of India, a variety hotspot. Covering a vicinity of thirty-nine,100 hectares, it spans the Manas watercourse and is finite to the north by the forests of Bhutan. The Manas life Sanctuary is a component of the core zone of the 283,700 hectares Manas Tiger Reserve, and lies aboard the shifting watercourse channels of the Manas watercourse. The site’s scenic beauty includes a variety of wooded hills, sediment grasslands and tropical evergreen forests. the location provides crucial and viable habitats for rare and species, together with tiger, larger one-horned odd-toed ungulate, swamp deer, pygmy hog and geographical area florican. Manas has exceptional importance inside the Indian sub-continent’s protected areas, together of the foremost vital remaining natural areas within the region, wherever sizeable populations of an outsized variety of vulnerable species still survive
• Criterion (1): Manas is recognized not just for its wealthy variety however conjointly for its spectacular scenery and natural landscape. Manas is found at the foothills of the jap chain of mountains. The northern boundary of the park is contiguous to the international border of {bhutan|Bhutan|Kingdom of Bhutan|Asian country|Asian nation} manifested by the imposing Bhutan hills. It spans on either aspect of the majestic Manas watercourse flanked within the east and also the west by reserved forests. The disruptive watercourse moving down the rugged mountains within the background of wooded hills plus the serenity of the sediment grasslands and tropical evergreen forests offers a novel geographical region expertise
• Criterion (2): The Manas-Beki system is that the major watercourse system flowing through the property and change of integrity the Brahmaputra more downstream. These and alternative rivers carry a vast quantity of silt and rock rubble from the foothills ensuing from the significant rain, fragile nature of the rock and steep gradients of the catchments. This ends up in the formation of sediment terraces, comprising deep layers of deposited rock and detritus overlain by sandy dirt and a layer of humus drawn by bhabar tracts within the north. The terai tract within the south consists of fine sediment deposits with underlying pans wherever the geological formation lies on the subject of the surface. the world contained by the Manas-Beki system gets inundated throughout the monsoons however flooding doesn't last long thanks to the sloping relief. The monsoon and watercourse system kind four principal geologic habitats: Bhabar savannah, Terai tract, marshlands and riverine tracts. The dynamic system processes support broadly speaking 3 forms of vegetation: semi-evergreen forests, mixed dampish and dry deciduous forests and sediment grasslands. The dry deciduous forests represent AN early stage in succession that's perpetually revived by floods and is replaced by dampish decidous forests faraway from water courses, that successively square measure replaced by semi evergreen climax forests. The vegetation of Manas has tremendous make and independent capabilities thanks to its high fertility and response to natural grazing by grass-eating animals.
• Criterion (3): The Manas life Sanctuary provides surround for twenty two of India’s most vulnerable species of mammals. In total, there square measure nearly sixty vertebrate species, forty two vertebrate species, seven amphibians and five hundred species of birds, of that twenty six square measure globally vulnerable. Noteworthy among these square measure the elephant, tiger, larger one-horned odd-toed ungulate, clouded leopard, sloth bear, and alternative species. The wild buffalo population is maybe the sole pure strain of this species still found in Republic of India. It conjointly harbours endemic species like pygmy hog, hairy  hare and golden catarrhine in addition because the vulnerable geographical area florican. The vary of habitats and vegetation conjointly accounts for prime plant diversity that features eighty nine tree species, 49 shrubs, thirty seven under shrubs, 172 herbs and thirty six climbers. Fifteen species of orchids, eighteen species of nonflowering plant and forty three species of grasses that offer important forage to a variety of ungulate species conjointly occur here.

Integrity

• The property could be a life sanctuary with attention on maintaining the integrity of the property as a natural space. It forms the core of a bigger park, the boundaries of that square measure clearly demarcated and supervised. Manas life Sanctuary is buffered on the north by the Royal Manas park of Bhutan and on the east and west less effectively by the Manas Tiger Reserve. Transboundary cooperation is thus necessary to the effectiveness of its protection.

Protection and management necessities

• The property, that has six national and international designations (i.e. World Heritage website, park, Tiger Reserve (core), region Reserve (national), Elephant Reserve (core) and necessary Bird Area) has the very best legal protection and robust legislative framework underneath the provisions of Indian life (Protection) Act, 1972 and Indian Forest Act, 1927/Assam Forest Regulation 1891. The property advantages from government support at each national and regional levels in addition as involvement of national and international conservation organisations.
• The property is managed underneath the administration of the province Forest Department / Bodoland Territorial Council. A comprehensive and approved Management set up is a vital demand, in conjunction with effective patrolling and social control capability to trot out the threats of encroachment, grazing and preparation. the availability of adequate infrastructure, sure-handed personnel and observation arrangements for the property square measure all essential necessities. research and observation for surround and invasive species management and recovery of life populations could be a specific imperative for management to establish and maintain the Outstanding Universal worth of the property. The property is home to four hundred styles of wild rice, conjointly creating the management of its variety values of high importance to food security.
• .  Involvement of native communities UN agency live and create use of the areas adjacent to the reserve in protection efforts for the property is crucial, and a key management objective is to boost their engagement and awareness within the interest of the preservation of the property. there's potential to increase the property to coincide with the boundaries of the park of that it forms the core. The institution of a transboundary world heritage property across the Indian and Bhutanese Manas Tiger Conservation Landscape would alter larger coordination and cooperation within the management of surround and life populations and would strengthen protection in addition.

Physical feature of park

• The Park, that is of nice physical beauty, lies on a good low-lying sediment terrace below the foothills of the outer Himalaya. The Manas watercourse flows through the west of the Park, wherever it splits into 2 separate rivers, the Beki and Bholkaduba, to hitch the watercourse Brahmaputra River some sixty four kilometre any south. These and 5 tiny rivers running through the Reserve carry monumental amounts of silt and rock from the foothills as a results of significant rain, steep gradients and friable bedrock upstream. Over the rock and arenaceous rock bedrock, boulders and gravels of the Bhabar grassland space to the north, flood waters have fashioned shifting channels and swamps and a soil of porous sediment watercourse terraces of coarse detritus beneath layers of sandy dirt and humus wherever the geological formation is incredibly low. The Terai grasslands within the south comprises deep deposits of fine alluvial sediment with underlying pans wherever the geological formation lies terribly close to the surface, creating it probably helpful farmland. The Manas basin within the west of the Park is often flooded throughout the monsoon however ne'er for terribly long thanks to the sloping relief. Drowning of life is negligible as animals square measure able to take refuge on islands of status (Deb Roy, 1991).

FLORA IN PARk (Vegetation)

• Manas lies on the border between the Indo-Gangetic and Indo-Malayan biogeographic realms which provides it nice natural diversity. There area unit 3 main kinds of vegetation: sub-Himalayan deposit semi-evergreen forest, east chain of mountains mixed wet and dry deciduous forests, the individual sort, and grasslands. a lot of of the riverine dry deciduous forest is AN early successional stage, being perpetually revived by floods. aloof from water courses it's replaced by wet deciduous forest, that is succeeded by semi-evergreen climax forest within the northern a part of the Park. 
• Its common trees embrace Aphanamixis polystachya, Anthocephalus chinensis, magnoliopsida genus cumini, S. formosum, S. oblatum, rosid dicot genus purpurea, fish genus philippensis, magnoliid dicot genus tamala, Actinodaphne obovata; 
• Tropical wet and dry deciduous forests area unit defined by Bombax malabarica, angiospermous tree villosa, angiospermous tree indica, D. pentagyna, Careya arborea, genus Lagerstroemia parviflora, L.speciosa, Terminalia bellirica, T. chebula, Trewia polycarpa, Gmelina arborea, Oroxylum indicum and Bridelia spp. a lot of of the foremost valuable timber has been harvested.

• Two kinds of deposit piece of lands cowl virtually forty fifth of the Park: low deposit savannah timber and semi-evergreen deposit grassland. These area unit created and maintained by burning, and on a smaller scale, by elephants. The bank grasslands area unit the most effective tiger environs in Asian nation, and conjointly like minded to the distinctive wild buffalo herds, Bibos gaurus and barasingha, elephants and waterbirds. 
• There area unit forty three completely different grass species, Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum naranga, genus Phragmites karka and reed predominating (Menon, 1995). there's conjointly a range of tree and bush species like angiospermous tree pentagyna that dominates the swamp forest, plant fibre Bombax malabarica a dominant of the savannah timber, and Phyllanthus emblica, and bush species of Clerodendrum, Leea, Grewia, Premna, Mussaenda, Sonchus, Osbekia and Blumera. there's a good style of aquatic flora on stream banks and within the various pools (Jain & Sastry, 1983). Some 374 species of dicotyledons, as well as eighty nine trees, 139 species of monocotyledons as well as forty three species of grass, and fifteen species of orchidaceous plant are known (Project Tiger, 2001). Invasion by Mikania cordata vines and Eupatorium odorata may be a downside.

FAUNA IN PARK

• The Park contains the country’s highest numbers of vulnerable and endemic species: twenty two of India's Schedule I mammals and a minimum of thirty three of its animals listed as nationwide vulnerable (* below), far and away the best range of any protected space within the country. 55 mammals, fifty reptiles and 3 amphibians are recorded, many species being endemic (Project Tiger, 2001). several area unit typical of south-east Asian rain forest and have their west distribution here, whereas alternative species area unit at the east purpose of their vary. It had the country’s largest concentration of elephants, the second largest population of tigers and also the third largest population of perissodactyl mammal before the social group incursions once the populations of all the protected species that had been step by step increasing, fell back (Deb Roy, 1992).
• The most notable vulnerable species were the indicator species the *tiger Panthera tigris(EN), list seventy in 2000, down from 123 in 1984, *Indian elephant Elephas maximus (EN): 658 animals in 2005 within the bigger Chirang Ripu Elephant Reserve, of that Manas life Sanctuary is that the main elephant surroundings, compared to 567 animals in 2002 for Manas life Sanctuary alone (UNESCO, 2006) and *Indian rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis(VU), 80 in 1990, thirty-nine in 1997 (Project Tiger, 2001) and maybe six in 2006 (UNESCO,2006). alternative mammals embrace Indian big squirrel Ratufa indica, *particolored opossum Hylopetes alboniger, *Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata,*hispid hare Caprolagus hispidus(EN), *golden leaf monkey Trachypithecus geei (EN), rare, recently discovered and endemic to Manas and to abutting Kingdom of Bhutan that numbered solely 305 in 1980, *capped langurT. pileatus(VU), *western hoolock gibbon Hoolock hoolock (EN), Asiatic canine dhole (EN), *sloth bear Melursus ursinus (VU), range black bear Ursus thibetanus(VU), *greater lemur mammal genus coucang (VU), *binturong (bearcat)Arctictis binturong(VU), *clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa (VU), *leopardP. pardus, *Asiatic golden cat Pardofelis temminckii, *marbled catP. marmorata(VU), *fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus (EN) *leopard catP. bengalensis,), *South Asian dolphin Platanista gangetica (EN), *pygmy hog Porcula salvanius(CR), rediscovered in 1964 in Manas, *swamp cervid or barasingha Rucervus duvaucelii (VU), with just about 450 people (Roy,1992), cervid or noticed cervid Rusa unicolor (VU), hog cervid Axis porcinus (EN), chital or Indian noticed cervid A. axis, northern muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis, *gaur or Indian bison Bos gaurus(VU) and Indian water buffalo Bubalus arnee (EN), in all probability the sole pure strain of this species in Asian nation.
• The Park lies inside one in all the world’s Endemic Bird Areas (Stattersfield et al., 1998). together with migrants, over 450 species of birds are recorded and concerning 350 breed within the space, sixteen being endemic (Deb Roy, 1991) together with the vulnerable *Bengal florican Houbaropsis bengalensis(CR), a kind of wader, *great coraciiform bird Buceros bicornis and *wreathed coraciiform bird Aceros undulatu samong alternative hornbill species. The *Bengal floricans of the park were calculable at eighty birds with twenty four male territories within the Park in 1988, a fifth of the planet population (Narayan et al.,1989). multicolor harrier Circus melanoleucos nested in 1988-9, the primary confirmed record for Asian nation (Narayan et al., 1989). Recent records of vulnerable species embrace white-rumped and slender-billed vultures Gyps bengalensis (CR) and Gyps tenuirostris (CR), bigger noticed eagle Aquila clanga (VU), lesser kestrel bird genus naumanni (VU), rufous-necked coraciiform bird Aceros nipalensis (VU), white-throated bushchat genus Saxicola insignis (VU), marsh, Jerdon’s and slender-billed babblers Pellorneum palustre (VU), Chrysomma altirostre (VU), and Turdoides longirostris (VU), black breasted parrotbill Paradoxornis flavirostris (VU), grey-crowned Prinia|bird genus} Prinia cinereocapilla (VU), setose grassbird Chaetornis striatus (VU), and yellow weaver genus Ploceus megarhynchus (VU). Uncommon aquatic bird species embrace *spotbilled pelicanPelecanus philippinensis, *greater adjutant Leptoptilos dubius (EN), *lesser adjutant storkL. javanicus(VU), Baer’s pochard Aythya baeri(EN) and swamp francolin Francolinus gularis (VU) (Scott, 1989; BirdLife International, 2004).
• 50 craniate species embrace the *gharial Gavialis gangeticus(CR), probably introduced from Kingdom of Bhutan within the Kosi stream or from a captive breeding program, eleven species of snake together with tracheophyte snake Ahaetulla nasutas, banded flying snake Chrysopelea pelias Assam bangle snake Elaphe frenata,king cobra Ophiophagus hannah(VU), *Indian Python sebae Indian python, and krait reptile genus fasciatus; conjointly *yellow and *common monitor lizards reptile genus flavescens and V. salvator, and 2 rare turtles: *Assam roofed turtle Pangshura sylhetensis(EN), lost till 1988, and Indian black turtle Melanochelys trijuga(Rahmaniet al., 1989)

Things to try and do At Manas park

Manas park business enterprise offers a spread of activities for the guests to get pleasure from and appreciate the variety of the character. Check this bent on apprehend all concerning the exciting things to try and do at Manas park, Assam.

1. Jeep Safari:      A Wild journey
2. Elephant Safari:     bind Associate in Nursing Elephant
3. River Rafting:       Move With The Waves
4. Village and Tea Plantation Visit:   get pleasure from The Serenity
5. Birdwatching:         Nature’s Paradise

1. automobile Safari: A Wild journey

Manas park is home to over twenty species of birds and animals. Get the rare sightings of exotic Manas life sanctuary animals together with Assam roofed turtle, pygmy hog, and hirsute hare. the attractive raw surroundings can cause you to feel overwhelming love for nature.

Price: federal agency 3600 per automobile

Timings: 09:00 AM – 12:00 PM and 02:00 PM – 05:00 PM

2. Elephant Safari: bind Associate in Nursing Elephant

Riding on Associate in Nursing elephant’s back and riding through the park is another fascinating thanks to spot Manas park animals. These beautiful giants ar a region of the park. The elephant ride offers you access to the regions of park wherever automobile isn't allowed. You get a special perspective of the park from sitting on the rear of a placental.

Price: federal agency five hundred for Indians, INR 1,550 for foreigners.

Timings: 6:00 AM, 7:00 AMorning

3. stream Rafting:

For the journey seekers and life enthusiasts, stream rafting on the slow waters of Manas stream is Associate in Nursing exhilarating expertise. The 35-km ride takes you thru the wild deciduous forests that ar a home to four hundred completely different species of birds. Rafting on the deep azure waters of the stream is quite Associate in Nursing expertise you ought to very foresee to.

 Move With The Waves

On slow rapids of manas stream

4. Village & Tea Plantations Visit: get pleasure from The Serenity

The sanctuary is additionally a home to native Bodo villages wherever tiny autochthonous communities of Ghatigaon and Ragu Bil keep harmonic. If you're lucky, you'll be a part of them in their music and dance sessions.

Assam is legendary for its tea plantations and you'll see many them excellent outside the park. build a halt at Fatemabad Tea Estate next to Bansbari Lodge to require a practise their pretty estate.

5. Birdwatching: Nature’s Paradise`

Time to require out your binoculars as a result of you're aiming to spot heaps of fancy birds here. a locality thus made in fauna, you'll birds you've got ne'er seen or detected of before. In each direction, you'll hear a definite coos of the assorted birds. If you're a bird lover, this place could be a paradise for you.

How To Reach The Park

 

By Air

The nearest airdrome to the park is a hundred and eighty metric linear unit away in Guwahati. There ar regular flights from cities like national capital, Mumbai, Jaipur, and urban center. Take a non-public taxi from the airdrome to achieve here.

By Rail

Guwahati is that the solely train depot in north east that is connected to any or all the key cities in Asian nation with variety of trains together with Rajdhani specific. From Guwahati, you'll take a train to Barpeta that is twenty two metric linear unit faraway from Manas by road.

By Road

Manas is 176 metric linear unit faraway from guwahati that takes concerning five hours off road journey. bactericide twenty seven adjoins Barpeta Road to Bansbari that is that the entry purpose to Manas park.

You can take the assistance of Manas park map as shown on top of to understand navigate your means better!

Need any information contact adm wondersindia @GMAIL.COM